可持续性与生态系统平衡

每年的海豹猎捕有助于保护海洋生物多样性。

可持续性与生态系统平衡

总体来说，加拿大的海豹种群健康且数量不断增加。实际上，竖琴和灰海豹是非常丰富甚至过剩。如此庞大的海豹种群数量，对他们赖以为生的鱼类种群（包括一些商业上重要的渔业鱼类）的生存造成了负面压力。严格监管下海豹捕猎能将海豹数量维持到鱼类种群可持续发展的水平，同时为偏远沿海社区提供经济效益。

庞大的数量

在加拿大发现的海豹种群最新估计：

竖琴海豹：加拿大渔业和海洋部有740万竖琴海豹。Harp seal population, Fisheries and Oceans Canada. https://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/species-especes/profiles-profils/harpseal-phoquegroenland-eng.html

灰海豹：505,000加拿大灰海豹资源的评估。加拿大渔业和海洋。Stock Assessment of Canadian Grey Seals. Fisheries and Oceans Canada. https://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas-sccs/Publications/SAR-AS/2014/2014_010-eng.html

冠海豹：593,000

环斑海豹：150万 Ringed seals estimated size of the population is 2.3 million in Canada and adjacent waters (West Greenland, Alaska and Russia) Note, there is low confidence in this estimate. (Finley et al. 1983; Smith 1975; Frost et al. 2004; Bengtson et al. 2005)

斑海豹：100,000只不列颠哥伦比亚省和25,000只加拿大大西洋省

2020年总容许捕捞量

竖琴海豹：40万只Total Allowable Catch (TAC) numbers are set by Fisheries and Oceans Canada and announced every March, prior to the opening of the season. Harp seal Total Allowable Capture: Current Status of Northwest Atlantic Harp Seals. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, P.10, 2012. https://polarbearscience.files.wordpress.com/2020/05/2019-harp-seal-status_dfo-2020_march-020-eng.pdf

灰海豹：60,000只 Grey seal quota: “Portrait-diagnostic sectoriel de l’industrie québécoise du phoque », p. 3. http://www.mapaq.gouv.qc.ca/phoque

要闻速览

近年来，科学家确定的和加拿大政府规定的总允许渔获量没有达到，主要原因是海豹产品的当地和国际市场的减少。

一千万只

加拿大大西洋沿岸的竖琴海豹、灰海豹和环斑海豹的估计数量。

460,000

竖琴海豹和灰海豹在2020年总允许捕获量。

< 10%

2019年捕获的46万只海豹配额所占百分比。 In 2019 a total of 32,199 harps seals and 1,232 Grey seals were harvested.  Fisheries and Oceans Canada Report.

过剩的海豹数量

据估计，竖琴海豹的数量超过740万只。

参议院渔业和海洋常设委员会估计，成年海豹平均每年吃掉1.5-2吨鱼。 The Sustainable Management of Grey Seal Populations: A Path Toward the Recovery if Cod and Other Groundfish Stocks, Report of the Standing Senate Committee on Fisheries and Oceans, Oct. 2012 http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/SEN/Committee/411/pofo/rep/rep07oct12-e.pdf

这相当于海豹每年消耗数百万吨的鱼类和海鲜。

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在不同的假设模型，以及每年捕获325,000只的情况下，西北大西洋竖琴海豹种群的变化和预测的变化。虚线是指数增长模型的95％置信区间。

对渔业的好处

单是竖琴海豹所吃的鱼就比整个大西洋加拿大捕鱼船队每年的海产品收获量多18倍。 Atlantic Coast Commercial Landings of fish and seafood. Department of Fisheries and Oceans. http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/stats/commercial/land-debarq/sea-maritimes/s2018aq-eng.htm

仅2019年的狩猎活动就为我们的渔业节省了2.5亿美元的鱼类资源，否则它们将被海豹吃掉。Approximately 32,000 harp seals were harvest in 2019. It is estimated that seals eat over 1.5 tons of fish per year. The value per tons of fish was at $5,200 in 2018. Source: 32,000 seals x 1.5 tons x $5,200 = $CAD 250 MILLION.

如果完成全部海豹捕猎配额，这一价值将达到31.2亿加元。The annual quota is 400,0000 for harp seals. It is estimated that seals eat over 1.5 tons of fish per year. The value per tons of fish was at $5,200 in 2018. Source 400,000 seals x 1.5 tons x $5,200 = $CAD 3.12 BILLION.