可持续性与生态系统平衡

每年的海豹猎捕有助于保护海洋生物多样性。

可持续性与生态系统平衡

加拿大的鱼类资源正在下降，因此我们具有商业重要性的渔业面临压力。失去这些重要的海洋资源不仅仅影响我们的沿海社区，也影响到每个加拿大人。

海豹吃很多鱼——每年大约 3000 万吨。这比我们整个大西洋捕鱼船队的捕捞量多 53 倍.Several studies have indicated the amount of fish eaten by harp seals. A study of harp seals by Polar Research estimated 7.4 kg/day for adult males and 9 kg/day for adult females, with females consuming more to support pregnancy and lactation: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3402/polar.v10i2.6771. Assuming the population is half male and half female, that means an average seal eats 2.99 tons/year. In 2019, the grand total of the Atlantic Coast commercial landings were 560,484 metric tonnes. https://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/stats/commercial/land-debarq/sea-maritimes/s2019aq-eng.htm Canada’s total seal population is estimated at more than 10 million. Ringed seal populations is estimated at 2.3 million: https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/species-risk-public-registry/cosewic-assessments-status-reports/ringed-seal-2019.html Together with Harp Seal (7.6 million) and grey seals (505,000), this represents over 10M population for these 3 species. This means that the total Canadian seal population eats roughly 30 million tons of fish each year. That’s 53x more fish than the entire Canadian Atlantic fishing fleet catches! Facts: Ringed seal populations is estimated at 2.3 million: https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/species-risk-public-registry/cosewic-assessments-status-reports/ringed-seal-2019.html Together with Harp Seal (7.6 million) and grey seals (505,000), this represents over 10M population for these 3 species. Calculation: (7.4+9)/2 = average of 8.2KG per seal. 8.2*365 days per year = 2,993KG. 2,993KG x 10 million seals = 29,930,000,000. 29,930,000,000 (total KG of fish eaten by seals)/ 560,000,000 (harvested by the Atlantic fishing fleet) = 53 times.与此同时，海豹数量处于有记录以来的最高水平。控制海豹种群是我们可以帮助鱼类种群反弹的方法之一。反过来，也会支持我们的渔业和海洋经济，它们每年创造 350,000 个工作岗位并带来超过 $310亿的收入.Government of Canada. Blue Economy Strategy. 2021 https://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/campaign-campagne/bes-seb/index-eng.html

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庞大的数量

在加拿大发现的海豹种群最新估计：

竖琴海豹：加拿大渔业和海洋部有740万竖琴海豹。Harp seal population, Fisheries and Oceans Canada. https://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/species-especes/profiles-profils/harpseal-phoquegroenland-eng.html

灰海豹：505,000加拿大灰海豹资源的评估。加拿大渔业和海洋。Stock Assessment of Canadian Grey Seals. Fisheries and Oceans Canada. https://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas-sccs/Publications/SAR-AS/2014/2014_010-eng.html

冠海豹：593,000

环斑海豹：150万 Ringed seals estimated size of the population is 2.3 million in Canada and adjacent waters (West Greenland, Alaska and Russia) Note, there is low confidence in this estimate. (Finley et al. 1983; Smith 1975; Frost et al. 2004; Bengtson et al. 2005)

斑海豹：100,000只不列颠哥伦比亚省和25,000只加拿大大西洋省

2020年总容许捕捞量

竖琴海豹：40万只Total Allowable Catch (TAC) numbers are set by Fisheries and Oceans Canada and announced every March, prior to the opening of the season. Harp seal Total Allowable Capture: Current Status of Northwest Atlantic Harp Seals. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, P.10, 2012. https://polarbearscience.files.wordpress.com/2020/05/2019-harp-seal-status_dfo-2020_march-020-eng.pdf

灰海豹：60,000只 Grey seal quota: “Portrait-diagnostic sectoriel de l’industrie québécoise du phoque », p. 3. http://www.mapaq.gouv.qc.ca/phoque

竖琴海豹的允许捕捞总量

在加拿大水域发现的最著名的海豹物种之一是竖琴海豹，自 1994 年以来，其数量增长了近 60%，达到 760 万。2020 年，加拿大政府对竖琴的总允许捕捞量限制仅为其 5%的总数量。而近年来，总捕捞量仅达到配额的 10%——仅占年度配额的一小部分。

历史新高

海豹数量达到历史新高！在全球发现的 33 种海豹中，有 6 种可以在加拿大找到，其中没有一种濒临灭绝.13 事实上，加拿大的海豹总数量估计超过一千万，这是渔业和海洋部有史以来观察到的最多的数量.14

要闻速览

近年来，科学家确定的和加拿大政府规定的总允许渔获量没有达到，主要原因是海豹产品的当地和国际市场的减少。

一千万只

加拿大大西洋沿岸的竖琴海豹、灰海豹和环斑海豹的估计数量。

460,000

竖琴海豹和灰海豹在2020年总允许捕获量。

< 10%

2019年捕获的46万只海豹配额所占百分比。 In 2019 a total of 32,199 harps seals and 1,232 Grey seals were harvested.  Fisheries and Oceans Canada Report.

过剩的海豹数量

据估计，竖琴海豹的数量超过740万只。

参议院渔业和海洋常设委员会估计，成年海豹平均每年吃掉1.5-2吨鱼。 The Sustainable Management of Grey Seal Populations: A Path Toward the Recovery if Cod and Other Groundfish Stocks, Report of the Standing Senate Committee on Fisheries and Oceans, Oct. 2012 http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/SEN/Committee/411/pofo/rep/rep07oct12-e.pdf

这相当于海豹每年消耗数百万吨的鱼类和海鲜。

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在不同的假设模型，以及每年捕获325,000只的情况下，西北大西洋竖琴海豹种群的变化和预测的变化。虚线是指数增长模型的95％置信区间。

对渔业的好处

加拿大海豹种群吃的鱼比整个大西洋加拿大捕捞船队的年海鲜产量多 53 倍以上.Several studies have indicated the amount of fish eaten by harp seals. A study of harp seals by Polar Research estimated 7.4 kg/day for adult males and 9 kg/day for adult females, with females consuming more to support pregnancy and lactation. Assuming the population is half male and half female, that means an average seal eats 2.99 tons/year. LINKFacts: Ringed seal populations is estimated at 2.3 million. Ringed Seal (Pusa hispida): COSEWIC assessment and status report 2019. LINK Together with Harp Seal (7.6 million) LINK and grey seals (424,300) LINK, this represents over 10M population for these 3 species. Calculation: (7.4+9)/2 = average of 8.2KG per seal. 8.2*365 days per year = 2,993KG. 2,993KG x 10 million seals = 29,930,000,000. 29,930,000,000 (total KG of fish eaten by seals)/ 560,000,000 (harvested by the Atlantic fishing fleet) = 53 times.

仅 2019 年的狩猎就为我们的渔业节省了 2.5 亿加元的鱼类资源，否则这些资源将被海豹消耗。.Approximately 32,000 harp seals were harvest in 2019. It is estimated that seals eat over 1.5 tons of fish per year. The value per tons of fish was at $5,200 in 2018. Source: 32,000 seals x 1.5 tons x $5,200 = $CAD 250 MILLION.

如果收获全部配额，该价值将为 31.2 亿加元.The annual quota is 400,0000 for harp seals. It is estimated that seals eat over 1.5 tons of fish per year. The value per tons of fish was at $5,200 in 2018. Source 400,000 seals x 1.5 tons x $5,200 = $CAD 3.12 BILLION.